Heteroptera as Vectors of Plant Pathogens

نویسنده

  • PAULA L. MITCHELL
چکیده

RESUMO A habilidade de insetos picadores-sugadores em transmitir doenças para as plantas está intimamente relacionada ao modo de alimentação e ao tecido alvo. Os percevejos são considerados de importância econômica mínima como vetores de patógenos de plantas, embora tenham comportamento alimentar semelhante aos homópteros. Os modos de alimentação em Heteroptera incluem “dilaceração e bombeamento”, penetração intracelular no tecido vascular, e um mecanismo de bomba osmótica para adquirir os conteúdos celulares sem penetrar a membrana celular. A relação entre a taxonomia dos heterópteros, modo de alimentação e o tipo de patógeno transmitido é explorada através de um levantamento bibliográfico. A transmissão por percevejos de fungos, bactérias, vírus, fitoplasmas e trypanossomatídeos flagelados é sumarizada. Os trypanossomatídeos flagelados de plantas parecem ser hospedados ou transmitidos exclusivamente por Pentatomomorpha (Lygaeioidea, Coreoidea, Pentatomoidea, e Pyrrhocoroidea). A transmissão de bactérias e fungos ocorre entre famílias de ambas infraordens, mas representantes de Miridae (Cimicomorpha) são mais associados com bactérias, enquanto os de Pentatomidae e Coreidae (Pentatomomorpha) predominam como transmissores de fungos. Alguns casos de transmissão de fitoplasmas e vírus são documentados, mas Cimicomorpha (tradicionalmente categorizados como alimentadores do tipo dilacerador-bombeador) estão representados mais freqüentemente do que o esperado, considerando-se a especificidade por determinados tecidos vegetais desses patógenos. A ênfase da literatura sobre a exclusividade ou predominância do papel dos homópteros como transmissores de doenças pode arrefecer o ímpeto inicial em estudar os percevejos como transmissores; entretanto, os resultados apresentados aqui indicam a necessidade de incluir os percevejos em levantamentos de potenciais transmissores de doenças.

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تاریخ انتشار 2004